docker配置nginx请参考这篇文章
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1、下载PHP7镜像

docker pull php:7.4-fpm

2、启动容器

docker run -d --name myphp7 \
-p 9000:9000 \
-v /opt/nginx/html:/var/www/html \
--restart=always  php:7.4-fpm

PS：注意，php挂载/var/www/html的路径和nginx的html挂载宿主机的同一位置

3、配置nginx

location / {
   root   /usr/share/nginx/html; 
   index  index.php index.html index.htm;
   if (!-e $request_filename) {
       rewrite ^/index.php(.*)$ /index.php?s=$1 last;
       rewrite ^(.*)$ /index.php?s=$1 last;
    }

}

location ~ \.php(.*)$ {
    root           /var/www/html; 
    fastcgi_pass   172.17.0.3:9000;  # php容器的ip地址
    fastcgi_index  index.php;
    fastcgi_split_path_info  ^((?U).+\.php)(/?.+)$;
    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
    fastcgi_param  PATH_INFO  $fastcgi_path_info;
    include fastcgi_params;
}

4、验证

# 创建一个php文件，将下面内容保存到文件中
vim /opt/nginx/html/index.php
<?php
phpinfo();
?>

# 重启nginx
docker restart nginx

访问Nginx